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The standardized ileal digestibility for leucine, lysine and phenylalanine in FFSB-CV were greater (P ≤ 0.05) than in SBM, but no differences were observed in the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids between FFSB-HP, FFSB-LO and SBM. The metabolizable energy in the soybean ingredients were measured using 40 barrows (18.5 ± 1.54 kg BW) that were placed in metabolism cages and randomly allotted to 5 diets. A corn-based diet and four diets containing corn and the soybean protein source were formulated. Urine and feces were collected over a 5-d period following a 7-d adaptation period. The metabolizable energy in each source of soybean ingredient was calculated using the difference procedure. The concentration of metabolizable energy in FFSB-CV, FFSB-HP, FFSB-LO, and in SBM was 4,990, 4,515, 4,769, and 3,970 kcal/kg DM, respectively. All values were different (P ≤ 0.05). These results indicate that FFSB-CV has a greater ideal digestibility of leucine, lysine and phenylalanine and a greater concentration of metabolizable energy than soybean meal when fed to weanling pigs. Ileal digestibility of full fat ingredients from high-protein, low-oligosaccharide soybeans were similar to soybean meal produced from conventional soybean varieties. Metabolizable energy values for these ingredients reflected both genetic and processing differences.
Baker, K.M. and co-workers. 2009. Amino acid digestibility and energy concentration in full fat soybeans from conventional, high protein, or low oligosaccharide varieties and in soybean meal fed to weanling pigs. Am. Dairy Sci. Assoc. and J. Animal Sci. Midwest Meeting, March 16-18, Abstract 181.
Soybean Oil Useful in Reducing Emissions in Swine Facilities
Purdue and University of Missouri researchers teamed together to conduct a year long study that monitored the effectiveness of soybean oil in reducing dust and odor in swine facilities. The experiment involved monitoring emissions from two 1,100 head mechanically ventilated facilities with shallow manure flushing systems and propane space heaters from August 2002 to July 2003 in northern Missouri. One barn was equipped to mist soybean oil treatments to reduce air pollutants. Compared with the unsprayed facility, the barn treated with soybean oil showed an average 20.4 % decrease in methane emissions and a 18.9 % reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
The methods for applying oil treatments were interesting. Soybean oil sprinkled (sprayed) at the rate of 5 mL per square meter per day for one minute daily; the oil was heated to 60 degrees C and the vapors were blown into the barn; the oil was diluted with water 150: 1 and 0.87 L of oil and 132.49 L of water were applied daily. The researchers indicated that the mechanism of gas emission reduction by oil needs more study and that the design of the studies could be improved to better compare treatment effects. (Comment-About fifteen years ago there was a lot of interest in using soybean oil to reduce dust emission in grain elevators. Several studies successfully demonstrated the value of applying low levels of soybean oil to reduce particulate levels. The lower dust levels improved the elevator’s grain dust emissions, environmental working conditions and dust explosion potentials. Reducing dust levels in swine operations should be an added benefit to swine producers).
Ni, Ji-Qin and co-workers. 2008. Methane and carbon dioxide emission from two pig finishing barns. J. Environmental Quality 37:2001-2011.
Feed Uses of Glycerol/Glycerin
Forty-eight bulls (335 ± 8.6 kg of initial BW) were randomly assigned to 4 glycerin levels (0, 4, 8, and 12% of concentrate dry matter) with the objective of evaluating the effects of glycerin supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, metabolism, and carcass and meat quality in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Concentrates were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric (assuming a glycerin metabolizable energy content of 3.47 Mcal/kg of DM). Concentrate and straw were fed for ad libitum intake. Glycerin level did not affect daily weight gains, daily feed intake, feed efficiency, rumen molar proportions of propionic, acetic, and butyric acids, and/or rumen liquid osmolality. The researchers reported a significantly decreased rumen pH (P< 0.05), greater rumen total VFA concentration (P = 0.09), serum insulin concentration (P< 0.05), and insulin to glucose ratio (P< 0.05) for bulls fed 8% glycerin in concentrate compared with those receiving 0, 4, or 12%. No changes were observed in carcass and meat quality. The researchers concluded that the metabolizable energy content of glycerin (86% glycerol) can be assumed to be 3.47 Mcal/kg of dry matter for Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets and feeding concentrate containing up to 12.1% of glycerin does not lead to detrimental effects on performance, ruminal fermentation, metabolism, and carcass and meat quality variables.
Mach, N., A. Bach and M. Devant. 2009. Effects of crude glycerin supplementation on performance and meat quality of Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. J. Animal Sci. 87:632-638.
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