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In another experiment, crossbred heifers weighing about 420kg were fed finishing diets containing 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16% crude glycerin (DM basis). Diets consisted of steam-flaked corn with 6% alfalfa hay and 1.2% urea plus additives. Cattle were transitioned from the control diet to diets containing increasing proportions of glycerin over a period of 10 days. Cattle had ad libitum access to feed, and diets were delivered once daily throughout the 85-d trial period. As the concentration of glycerin increased, dry matter intake decreased linearly (P< 0.001). Heifers fed 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16% glycerin had average daily weights of 1.19, 1.34, 1.29, 1.25, 1.17, and 1.03 kg, respectively (linear, P = 0.013; quadratic, P = 0.010). Feeding glycerin had a quadratic effect on gain: feed was optimal when glycerin was fed at 2% of the diet (quadratic, P = 0.046). Glycerin increased the final body weight by 12.7, 8.1, and 5.3 kg when fed at 2, 4, and 8% of the diet, respectively, but reduced the final weights by 1.9 and 14.3 kg when included at 12 and 16% of the diet (linear, P = 0.009; quadratic, P = 0.006). Longissimus muscle area decreased linearly as glycerin concentrations increased (P< 0.013). Feeding glycerin resulted in linear decreases in subcutaneous fat over the 12th rib and marbling scores (P = 0.045). Glycerin tended to decrease the percentage of cattle grading USDA Choice (P = 0.084) and increase the percentage of cattle grading USDA Select. Their conclusion was that adding glycerin to cattle-finishing diets improved BW gain and feed efficiency, particularly when added at concentrations of 8% or less on a DM basis.
G. L. Parsons, G.L., M. K. Shelor and J. S. Drouillard. 2009. Performance and carcass traits of finishing heifers fed crude glycerin. J. Animal Sci. 87:653-657.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary crude glycerin on laying performance; egg quality; retention of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and metabolizable energy. The dietary treatments consisted of a control corn-soybean diet containing 6% corn starch (17% crude protein, 2,775 kcal/kg of AMEn, 0.81% lysine, 0.36% methionine, 3.60% Ca, and 0.37% available phosphorus). Crude glycerin (2, 4, or 6%), a co-product of commercial biodiesel production from rapeseed, was substituted for corn starch. During the experimental period (28 to 53 wk of hen age), the addition of glycerin to the control diet had no significant effect on egg production, egg weight, daily feed consumption or feed conversion. No significant treatment effects were found for egg quality parameters (albumen height, Haugh units, yolk color and thickness, density and breaking strength of eggshell), excretion and retention of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, or metabolizable energy. Linear regression analysis revealed that the AMEn value of crude glycerol was 3,970 kcal/kg (as-is basis). These results demonstrated that crude glycerin may be incorporated to a level of 6% in the diet of laying hens without any detrimental effect on egg performance, egg quality or nutrient interactions.
Swiatkiewicz, S. and J. Koreleski. 2009. Effect of crude glycerin level in the diet of laying hens on egg performance and nutrient utilization. J. Poultry Sci. 88:620-630.
High Protein Distillers Dried Grains
Two experiments were conducted with a co-product of corn endosperm fermentation. The first experiment determined nutrient digestibility of high-protein corn distillers dried grains (HP-DDG; 54% crude protein) after feeding semi-purified diets from 15 to 22 d of age. The AMEn of HP-DDG was 2,526 kcal/kg, whereas standardized ileal lysine, methionine and threonine digestibilities were 73.0, 84.9, and 73.0%, respectively. In a second experiment, an industry control diet regimen was compared with that of either an approximate 25 or 50% replacement for the level of 48% crude protein soybean meal (SBM) inclusion in the diet utilizing the amino acid digestibility and AMEn determined from the first experiment. From 0 to 14, 14 to 28, and 28 to 42 day of age, the HP-DDG in the 50% SBM replacement diet was added at 25, 23.5, and 21% of the diet, respectively. To meet digestible amino acid needs, the diet containing 50% SBM replacement with HP-DDG contained 3.2, 3.6, and 4.4% units more crude protein than the control diet regimen from 1 to 14, 14 to 28, and 28 to 42 day of age, respectively. Dietary replacement of up to 50% of SBM inclusion with HP-DDG had no effect on bird performance at 14 or 42 day of age or breast fillet yield at 42 day of age; however, it decreased body weight gain and increased feed: gain ratio from 14 to 28 day of age. Birds consuming a diet with 50% replacement of SBM with HP-DDG consumed 17.1% more nitrogen compared to those consuming control diets. This additional nitrogen and fiber consumed resulted in birds being fed the 50% replacement diet excreting 21.9 and 31.8% more manure dry matter and nitrogen, respectively. Due in large part to the amino acid profile and lower digestibility of HP-DDG, the use of this feedstuff as a large proportion of the diet is feasible, but has an environmental disadvantage of producing more manure and manure nitrogen in the broilers consuming HP-DDG diets.
Applegate, T.J. and co-workers. 2009. The nutritional value of high-protein corn distillers dried grains for broiler chickens and its effect on nutrient excretion. Poultry Sci. 88:354-359.
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