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Distillers
Dried Grains-Nutrient Digestibility
Researchers at South Dakota State University measured the digestible
energy, nitrogen and phosphorus of ten distillers dried grains with
solubles (DDGS) collected from ethanol plants in South Dakota and
Minnesota. Eleven pigs were used in a 11x11 Latin square design
experiment comparing the DDGS samples fed in a 1:1 ratio to corn.
Results indicated a significant (P<0.001) difference between
the ten DDGS samples in digestible energy (3,947-4,593 kcal/kg DM)
and metabolizable energy (3,674-4,336 kcal/kg DM). The average digestible
energy and metabolizable energy for DDGS and corn were 4,140 and
4,088 kcal/kg DM and 3,897 and 3,989 kcal/kg DM, respectively. When
calculated on a percentage basis, nitrogen tension was similar for
DDGS and corn. Whereas, apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus
for the ten DDGS samples averaged 59.1% compared to a value of 19.3%
for corn. They concluded that that DDGS is variable; contains about
the same energy as corn; and higher levels of organic phosphorus
will be digested and absorbed.
Pedersen, C. M.G. Boersma
and H.H. Stein. 2007. Digestibility of energy and phosphorus in
ten samples of distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing
pigs. J. Animal Sci. 85: 1168-1176.
Five samples of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were
collected and evaluated for energy and amino acid digestibilities
using a precision-fed rooster assay. The Ohio State University study
suggested that DDGS samples with darker color scores had lower amino
acid and energy digestibilities. These results suggested that overheating
during drying may cause Maillard reactions and lower total lysine,
lysine digestibility and total metabolizable energy values. (Comment-
Bottom line is the need to carefully characterize the DDGS source
prior to diet formulation).
Fastinger, N.D., J.D. Latshaw and D.C. Mahan. 2006.
Amino acid availability and true metabolizable energy content of
corn distillers dried grain with solubles in adult cecectomized
roosters. Poultry Sci. 85(7): 1212-1216.
Distillers
Grains and Soybean Hulls
Researchers at the University of Florida conducted an experiment
to evaluate the effects of dried distillers grains, soybean hulls,
or a combination of the two ingredients in supplementing steers
weighing 275kg consuming low quality hay. Results improved weight
gains and nitrogen metabolism by supplementing the low-quality forage
and a combination of 0.9 kg dried distillers grains and 2.05 kg
soybean hulls optimized calf performance.
Wahrmund, J.L. and M.J. Hersom. 2007. Evaluation of
dried distillers grains or soybean hulls to background beef calves.
J. Animal Sci. 85: Suppl. 1: 410 (Abstract 526).
Another experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of distillers
dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean hulls in beef cattle
finishing diets. The treatments consisted of diets containing various
combinations of shelled corn, grass hay, soybean meal, DDGS and
soybean hulls. The results of this study indicated that higher levels
of DDGS (up to 40%) and soybean hulls (up to 44%) will result in
similar quality and yield grades, but will require higher feed intake
with lower average daily gains compared to diets containing shelled
corn or limiting DDGS to less than 25 percent. They reported that
cost of gain was not significantly different between treatments.
Walker, P.M., D. Admas and L.A. Forster. 2007. Evaluation of
corn and soybean co-products in beef cattle finishing diets. J.
Animal Sci. 85: Suppl. 1: 348 (Abstract T334).
Distillers Grains-Phosphorus Management
Fermenting the starch in corn to produce ethanol concentrates the
phosphorus in distillers grains by about three-fold. Phosphorus
levels in corn range from 0.27-0.33% compared to levels of 0.8-1.0%
in distillers grains. A paper from Iowa State University reviewed
a concern that feeding distillers dried grains with solubles may
result in overfeeding phosphorus and the higher levels of phosphorus
in the manure could cause environmental problems. The author pointed
out that the potential problem would vary with the species and diet
being fed. He concluded that the potential environmental problem
could be minimized with an effective manure management plan.
Trenkle, Allen. 2006. With increasing availability of distillers
grains will phosphorus be a problem for Iowa livestock producers?
Iowa State University Animal Industry Report A.S. Leaflet R2124.
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