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Effects of increasing soybean meal and valine:lysine and tryptophan:lysine ratios on finishing pig performance

Reeb, M., Faccin, J., Goodband, R., Woodworth, J., J. DeRouchey, M. Tokach and J. Gebhardt
2023

A total of 621 pigs (DNA 241 × 600; initially 62.9 kg) were used in a 65-d growth trial to determine the effect of increasing soybean meal (SBM) and Val:Lys and Trp:Lys (AA) ratios on finishing pig performance. Experimental diets were corn-soybean meal-based containing 25% DGGS and fed in 3 phases. The 6 dietary treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial, with main effects of SBM level (Low, Medium, High) and AA ratios (Standard, High). Trp:Lys ratios were: Phase 1: Standard 19, High 24%, Phase 2: Standard 19, High 23%, and Phase 3: Standard 19, High 23%. Val:Lys ratios were: Phase 1: Standard 70 to 83, High 87 to 88%, Phase 2: Standard 70 to 83, High 88%, and in Phase 3: Standard 76 to 96, High 96%. The additional amino acids provided by increasing levels of SBM in diets with standard AA ratios were expected to result in a higher ADG by balancing out the high leucine from corn. Conversely, ADG was expected to stay the same as SBM increased when the Val:Lys and Trp:Lys ratios were increased. Pens of pigs were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. There were approximately 10 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. No evidence (P > 0.05) of SBM × AA ratio interactions or treatment differences was observed for any response criteria for phases 1 and 2. In phase 3, a marginally significant SBM × AA ratio interaction was observed for ADG (P = 0.084). The medium level of SBM with standard AA ratios resulted in greater ADG compared to other SBM levels (quadratic, P = 0.003), whereas no differences in ADG were observed with increasing SBM when Val:Lys and Trp:Lys ratios were increased (P = 0.501). Additionally, G:F increased at the medium level of SBM in phase 3 (quadratic, P = 0.007). In spite of the improvements observed in phase 3, there were no significant differences (P > 0.10) observed in overall ADG or ADFI. A marginally significant SBM × AA ratio interaction was observed for overall G:F (P = 0.052). Increasing SBM in diets with greater Val:Lys and Trp:Lys ratios resulted in decreased G:F (P = 0.049), whereas no difference in G:F was observed with increasing SBM in diets with standard AA ratios (P = 0.435).

In conclusion, in early finishing there were no responses to increasing SBM; however, in the late finishing period when diets included 0, 4 or 8% SBM, pigs fed 4% SBM diets with standard Val:Lys and Trp:Lys ratios had increased ADG and G:F. Throughout the study, increasing Val:Lys and Trp:Lys ratios had little effect on pig performance.