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Broilers administered a live coccidiosis vaccine or fed a chemical anticoccidial responded similarly to increased dietary amino acids contributed by soybean meal or feed-grade sources

Lee, T., J. Lee and S. Rochell
2021

This experiment evaluated responses of broilers under different coccidiosis control programs when fed elevated amino acid (AA) concentrations achieved with increased dietary soybean meal (SBM) or feed-grade essential AA. Ross 708 male chicks were allocated in a 2×4 factorial design (24 birds/pen, 12 replicate pens/treatment) with 2 coccidia control methods (1x live vaccine dose or in-feed zoalene) and 4 experimental diets fed during the starter (012 d) and grower (12-26 d) periods: 1) a control diet (CTL), 2) an increased AA density diet containing increased SBM (H-SBM), 3) an increased AA density diet containing CTL-level SBM but increased feed-grade Met, Lys, Thr, Val, Ile, and Arg (H-FG), or 4) the CTL with only Thr, Val, and Arg increased by feed-grade sources to the same levels as the H-SBM and H-FG diets (CTL). Digestible Lys was 1.24 and 1.11% for the CTL diet and increased in the H-SBM and H-FG diets by 6 and 7% in the starter and grower phases, respectively, with other digestible AA/Lys ratios at or above breeder specifications. Common diets were fed during the finisher 1 (26-33 d) and 2 (33-40 d) phases. Feed intake (FI), BW gain (BWG), and FCR were measured during each phase, and fecal oocysts were counted at d 12 and 26. Intestinal segment length and weight were assessed at d 12. At d 40, 6 birds/pen were randomly selected for processing. Data were analyzed by a 2-way ANOVA and means separated by Tukey’s test (P≤0.05). No interactions (P>0.05) between coccidia control method and diet were observed. At d 12, oocyst counts and intestinal length and weight were increased (P<0.001) with vaccination, with no diet effect. From d 0-26, vaccination impaired (P<0.001) BWG and FCR (1.19 vs. 1.22) compared with zoalene, but FI (P>0.05) was unaffected. Broiler BWG and FCR were better (P<0.001) for the H-SBM and H-FG groups compared with the CTL and CTL+ groups. Broiler FI was similar (P<0.001) among the CTL, H-SBM, and H-FG groups but reduced with CTL+. From d 0-40, FCR, but not FI or BWG, was impaired (P<0.001; 1.55 vs. 1.56) by vaccination compared with zoalene. Broiler FI (P<0.001) was highest for H-SBM and H-FG, moderate for CTL, and lowest for CTL+. Birds fed the H-SBM and H-FG diet had improved (P<0.001) BWG and FCR compared to those fed CTL and CTL+. Coccidia control method did not affect (P>0.05) deboned parts yields. Breast meat yield (P<0.001) was greater for the H-SBM and H-FG groups than for the CTL and CTL+ groups.

In conclusion, performance and yield of broilers given a vaccine or in-feed zoalene benefited from increased dietary essential AA regardless of source (SBM or feed-grade AA). However, these benefits were not observed when only ratios of Thr, Val, and Arg were increased.